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ĭEM is often used as a generic term for DSMs and DTMs, only representing height information without any further definition about the surface.

In contrast to a DSM, the digital terrain model (DTM) represents the bare ground surface without any objects like plants and buildings (see the figure on the right). In most cases the term digital surface model represents the earth's surface and includes all objects on it. There is no universal usage of the terms digital elevation model (DEM), digital terrain model (DTM) and digital surface model (DSM) in scientific literature. Digital Terrain Models represent the bare ground. Surfaces represented by a Digital Surface Model include buildings and other objects.